Orthostatic hypotension: Pathophysiology, problems and prevention

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2012

Abstract

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) has traditionally been associated with falls (R. H. Fortinsky et al., 2008). However, data has been inconsistent, and some believe that more research in the area is needed before a true link can be made (A. Gangavati et al., 2011). OH, a drop in systolic pressure of ≥ 20 points or in diastolic pressure of ≥ 10 points within 3 minutes of standing as compared to the reading while supine may be accompanied by tachycardia, syncope, dizziness, visual changes, and death. Pathophysiological causes of OH include the dependent pooling of blood in organs and the periphery, compromised venous return and stroke volume, and changes in cardiac and baroreceptor function. Hypertension, diet, mobility, and medications may also contribute to the disorder. The treatment goal is to educate the patient, eliminate physiological causes, omit contributing medications, and resort to pharmacologic means as needed (J. B. Lanier et al., 2011). Thorough knowledge about OH can assist home care nurses in assessing for and educating patients about the disorder. This manuscript will discuss the pathophysiology, contributing diagnoses and drug classes, signs and symptoms, treatment, and implications for home care and hospice nurses related to orthostatic hypotension.

Comments

Copyright 2012 Lippincott, WIlliams and Wilkins. A link to full text has been provided for authorized subscribers.

Publication Title

Home Healthcare Nurse

Published Citation

Mager, Diana (2012). Orthostatic hypotension: Pathophysiology, problems and prevention. Home Healthcare Nurse, 30(9), 525-530 (with CE credits). DOI: 10.1097/NHH.0b013e31826a6805

DOI

10.1097/NHH.0b013e31826a6805

Link to Full Text

Share

COinS