Document Type

Response or Comment

Article Version

Publisher's PDF

Publication Date

Winter 1999

Abstract

The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to extracellular signals or intracellular processes can be regulated by the coordinate action of many antioxidant proteins. Because moderate levels of ROS can act as intracellular messengers in many of these processes, this modulation is critical for the transduction of specific signals. The thiol-specific antioxidant (TSA) family is a highly conserved group of enzymes that can reduce hydroperoxides in the presence of a thiol-containing electron donor. AOP2 (antioxidant protein 2) is a newly described member that shows significant evolutionary conservation between many different organisms. The protein contains three motifs that are highly conserved within the TSA family, including a cysteine residue that is the active site of oxidation for this class of proteins. Although AOP2 possesses TSA activity, it has several unique characteristics, including the absence of a second cysteine residue that is conserved in all other TSA proteins, the presence of a unique carboxy-terminal domain, and a demonstrated phospholipase activity. Furthermore, AOP2 shows conservation of several amino acids important in dimer formation and active site configuration that are not found in the other family members. Together, these data strongly suggest that AOP2 is a novel thiol-dependent antioxidant that functions to scavenge particular hydroperoxides in the cell and mediate specific signals. There is also evidence supporting a role for AOP2 in certain disease processes including atherosclerosis. Further evaluation of this protein and its substrate specificity will likely shed light on its precise role in cellular oxidant defense, signal transduction and pathogenesis. Antiox. Redox Signal. 1, 571-584.

Comments

This is a copy of an article published in the "Antioxidants & Redox Signaling" © WINTER 1999 [copyright Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.]; "Antioxidants & Redox Signaling" is available online at: http://www.liebertonline.com.

Publication Title

ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING

Published Citation

Shelley A. Phelan. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. Winter 1999, 1(4): 571-584.

DOI

10:1089/ars.1999.1.4-571

Peer Reviewed

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